A practical introduction to the Linux command line, file system, user management, permissions, and essential tools for working in hybrid cloud environments.
An introduction to Linux – what it is, why it matters, and how it powers servers, cloud platforms, and devices worldwide.
Shell prompts, essential commands, and the /etc directory – foundational knowledge for working with Linux and Proxmox.
pwd, ls, cd, find, tree – understanding the Linux directory hierarchy and essential commands.
cp, mv, rm, mkdir, touch, ln – creating, moving, and managing files.
useradd, usermod, passwd, groupadd – managing identities on Linux.
chmod, chown, chgrp, umask, and understanding rwx permission bits.
apt, yum/dnf, snap – installing, updating and removing software.
ps, top, htop, kill, systemctl – monitoring and managing running processes.
# Print working directory pwd # List files with details ls -lah # Change directory cd /etc/nginx # Create a directory mkdir -p /opt/myapp/logs # Find files by name find /var/log -name "*.log" -mtime -7
# Make a script executable chmod +x deploy.sh # Set owner and group chown -R www-data:www-data /var/www/html # View permissions ls -l /etc/passwd # Add user to group usermod -aG sudo username
# Check service status systemctl status nginx # Start, stop, restart systemctl start nginx systemctl restart nginx # Enable on boot systemctl enable nginx # View running processes ps aux | grep nginx